Cajaladda Dhuumaha Maro-biyoodka Midabaysan
Walxaha | sifooyinka iyo isticmaalka | Koodhka | tilmaame jireed | |||||||
Xabag | Mesh | Taageerida | dhumucdiso | Xoogga xajinta N/cm | Kordhinta% | 180° diirka xooga N/cm | taabo # | |||
Cajaladda Dhuumaha | Qaado marada lagu dahaadhay filimka PE sida walxaha gadaal ka riixaya, ku dheggan xooggan, ka-hortagga-jiidka, dufan-ka-hortagga, gabowga, biyuhu, ka-hortagga daxalka iyo dahaarka sare. loo isticmaalo xiridda kartoonnada, tolmada roogaga, guntin culus iyo baakadaha biyaha-celintu. | BJ-HMG | xabagta dhalaalaysa kulul | 27,35,44,50,70,90 | maro lagu dhejiyay filimka PE | 0.22-0.28 | 70 | 15 | 4 | 18 |
BJ-RBR | xabagta caagga ah | 27,35,44,50,70,90 | maro lagu dhejiyay filimka PE | 0.22-0.28 | 70 | 15 | 4 | 8 | ||
BI-SVT | xabagta dareere ah | 27,35,44,50,70,90 | maro lagu dhejiyay filimka PE | 0.22-0.28 | 70 | 15 | 4 | 8 | ||
Cajalad Daabacan | Qaado marada lagu dahaadhay filimka PE sida walxaha gadaal ka riixaya, ku dheggan xooggan, ka-hortagga-jiidka, dufan-ka-hortagga, gabowga, biyuhu, ka-hortagga daxalka iyo dahaarka sare. loo isticmaalo xiridda kartoonnada, tolmada roogaga, guntin culus iyo baakadaha biyaha-celintu. | xabagta dhalaalaysa kulul | 70 | maro lagu dhejiyay filimka PE | 0.22-0.28 | 70 | 15 | 3 | 8 | |
xabagta caagga ah | 70 | maro lagu dhejiyay filimka PE | 0.22-0.28 | 70 | 15 | 3 | 8 | |||
xabagta dareere ah | 70 | maro lagu dhejiyay filimka PE | 0.22-0.28 | 70 | 15 | 3 | 8 |
Faahfaahinta Alaabta:
Xabagta tuubada waa nooc ka mid ah cajalado dhejisyo sare leh oo leh xoog diirran oo xoog leh, xoog adag, iska caabin dufan, caabbinta gabowga iyo iska caabinta daxalka.
Codsiga:
Waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa daboolida kartoonnada, tolida roogaga, guntiga culus iyo wixi la mid ah
Taariikhda
Waxyaabaha ugu horreeya ee loo yaqaan "cajaladda shimbiraha" waxay ahayd maro suuf ah oo cad oo cad oo loo isticmaalo samaynta kabaha si xoog leh, qurxinta dharka, iyo duubista fiilooyinka birta ama kirishbooyada si ay uga ilaaliyaan daxalka ama xirashada. Tusaale ahaan, 1902-dii, fiilooyinka birta ee taageeraya Buundada Manhattan ayaa markii ugu horreysay lagu daboolay saliid linseed ka dibna lagu duubay cajalad duck ka hor inta aan la dhigin. Sannadihii 1910-aadkii, kabo iyo kabo qaarkood ayaa loo isticmaali jiray marada shinbiraha ee dusha sare ama gudaha gudaha, iyo cajaladda shinbiraha ayaa mararka qaarkood lagu tolaa si loo xoojiyo. Sannadkii 1936-kii, Ururka Injineerada Xargaha Korontada ee fadhigoodu yahay Mareykanka ayaa ku tilmaamay duubista cajaladda shinbiraha mid ka mid ah habab badan oo loo isticmaalo in lagu ilaaliyo fiilooyinka korantada ee caagga ah. Sannadkii 1942-kii, dukaanka qaybta Gimbel wuxuu soo bandhigay indhoolayaal venetian ah oo lagu xiray cajalado toosan oo duub ah. Dhammaan adeegsiyadan aan soo sheegnay waxay ahaayeen suuf cad ama cajalad linen ah oo ku yimid iyada oo aan lahayn lakabka dhejiska.
Cajalado dhejisyo ah oo noocyo kala duwan ah ayaa la isticmaali jiray 1910-meeyadii, oo ay ku jiraan duubo cajalado maryo ah oo ay ku dahaadho koolo hal dhinac ah. Cajalad cad oo dhejis ah oo ka sameysan maro lagu qooyay caag iyo zinc oxide ayaa loo isticmaali jiray isbitaalada si loogu xiro nabarrada, laakiin cajaladaha kale sida cajaladda isku dhafka ah ama cajalad koronto ayaa lagu bedeli karaa xaalad degdeg ah. Sannadkii 1930-kii, majaladda caanka ah ee Farsamoyaqaannada ayaa sharraxday sida loo sameeyo cajalad dhejis ah oo guriga lagu dhejiyo iyadoo la adeegsanayo cajalad marada cad oo lagu qooyay isku-dar dareere kulul oo rosin ah iyo caag laga soo qaaday tuubooyinka gudaha.
Sannadkii 1923-kii, Richard Gurley Drew oo u shaqaynayay 3M waxa uu ikhtiraacay cajalad waji-xidhka ah, cajalad ku-salaysan warqad oo leh koollo khafiif ah. Sannadkii 1925-kii tani waxay noqotay cajaladda summada Scotch ee maaskaro. 1930kii, Drew waxa uu sameeyay cajalad hufan oo ku salaysan cellophane, oo loo yaqaan Scotch Tape. Cajaladan waxa si weyn loo isticmaali jiray bilawgii diiqada weynayd si loo hagaajiyo alaabta guriga. Qoraaga Scott Berkun ayaa qoray in cajaladda xadhkaha goosatay ay tahay "mid la odhan karo" wax ka beddelka guushan hore ee 3M. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, midna hal-abuurradii Drew kuma salaysnayn cajalad maro ah.
Fikradda waxa noqday cajalad duuban ayaa ka timid Vesta Stoudt, oo ah shaqaale warshadeed iyo hooyo laba badmaax ah oo Navy ah, kuwaas oo ka walwalsan in dhibaatooyinka santuuqa rasaasta ay ku qaataan askarta waqti qaali ah dagaalka. Waxay u qortay madaxweyne Franklin D. Roosevelt 1943 fikradda ah in sanduuqyada lagu xidho cajalad dhar ah, oo ay ku tijaabisay warshadeeda. Warqadda waxaa loo gudbiyay Guddiga Wax-soo-saarka Dagaalka, kuwaas oo shaqada geliyay Johnson & Johnson. Qaybta Revolite ee Johnson & Johnson waxay ka samaysay cajalado dhejisyo ah oo laga soo qaaday maro duck laga soo bilaabo 1927 iyo koox uu hogaaminayo Revolite's Johnny Denoye iyo Johnson & Johnson's Bill Gross ayaa soo saaray cajalad cusub oo dhejis ah, oo loogu talagalay in lagu jeexjeexo gacanta, aan lagu gooyn maqas.
Alaabtooda cusub ee aan la magacaabin ayaa laga sameeyay shinbiraha suufka dhuuban ee lagu dahaadhay polyetylen biyuhu (caag) ah oo leh lakabka xabagta cawlan ee cinjirka ku salaysan (oo loo yaqaan "Polycoat") oo ku xidhan hal dhinac. Way fududahay in la codsado lagana saaro, waxaana markiiba la qabsaday in si degdeg ah loo dayactiro agabka milatariga, oo ay ku jiraan baabuurta iyo hubka. Cajaladdan, oo ku midabaysan dharka saytuunka ee matte-ka caadiga ah ee ciidanka, ayaa aad loo isticmaalayey askartu. Dagaalka ka dib, badeecada cajaladda duck waxaa lagu iibin jiray dukaamada qalabka guryaha lagu dayactiro. Shirkadda Melvin A. Anderson ee Cleveland, Ohio, waxay heshay xuquuqda cajaladda 1950. Waxa caadi ahaan loo isticmaali jiray dhismaha si loogu duubo dhuumaha hawada. Codsigan ka dib, magaca "cajaladda tuubada" ayaa la isticmaalay 1950-meeyadii, iyada oo ay la socdaan alaabooyin cajalado ah oo midabkoodu yahay cawlan qalin ah sida tuubada daasadaha. Cajalado khaas ah oo kulaylka iyo qabowga u adkaysta ayaa la sameeyay si loogu kululeeyo tuubooyinka qaboojiyaha. Sannadkii 1960 kii St. Louis, Missouri, shirkadda HVAC, Albert Arno, Inc., waxay magaca "Ductape" ku calaamadisay cajaladda tuubada " olol u adkaysata", oo awood u leh inay isku hayso 350-400 °F (177-204 °C) ).
Sannadkii 1971-kii, Jack Kahl waxa uu iibsaday shirkadda Anderson oo u beddelay Manco.] Sannadkii 1975-kii, Kahl waxa uu dib u summeeyay cajaladda tuubada ee shirkadiisu samaysay. Sababtoo ah ereyga guud ee hore loo isticmaali jiray "cajalad shinbiraha" ayaa ka dhacday isticmaalkeeda, [xaqiijinta fashilantay] wuxuu awooday inuu calaamadeeyo sumadda "Duck Tape" oo uu suuqgeeyo badeecadiisa oo dhammaystiran oo leh calaamad jaale ah oo shinbiraha kartoon ah. Manco wuxuu u doortay magaca "Duck" sida "ciyaar ku saabsan xaqiiqda ah in dadku inta badan u tixraacaan cajaladda 'duck cajalad'", iyo sida kala duwanaanshaha suuq-geynta si ay uga soo horjeedaan iibiyaasha kale ee cajaladda. Sannadkii 1979-kii, qorshaha suuq-geynta Duck Tape wuxuu ku lug lahaa in la diro kaararka salaanta leh calaamadda shinbiraha, afar jeer sannadkii, ilaa 32,000 maamulayaasha qalabka. Tiradan isgaadhsiinta ah ee lagu daray midabada, baakadaha ku habboon ayaa ka caawiyay Duck Tape inuu noqdo mid caan ah. Laga soo bilaabo saldhig u dhow eber Manco ayaa ugu dambeyntii gacanta ku haysay 40% suuqa cajaladaha tuubada ee Maraykanka Duck ma aha Shurtape sumadda kaliya ee cajaladda tuubada; Bixintooda dhamaadka-sare waxaa loo yaqaan "T-Rex Tape." "Duck Ultimate", kaas oo ahaa Henkel ee ugu sarreeya ee khadka kala duwan, ayaa weli lagu iibiyaa Boqortooyada Midowday.
Ka dib markii ay ka faa'iidaysteen Scotch Tape 1930-meeyadii, 3M waxay soo saartay qalab milatari intii lagu jiray WWII, iyo 1946-kii waxay soo saartay cajalad vinyl koronto ah oo ugu horeysay. Sannadkii 1977-kii, shirkaddu waxay iibinaysay cajaladda tuubada kulaylka u adkaysata ee tuubooyinka kululaynta. Dabayaaqadii 1990-aadkii, qaybta cajaladaha ee 3M waxay lahayd dakhli sanadle ah oo dhan $300 milyan, hogaamiyaha warshadaha Maraykanka. Sannadkii 2004tii, 3M waxa ay ikhtiraacday cajalad daah-furnaan ah.
Wax-soo-saarka
Cajalada casriga ah ee casriga ah waxaa lagu sameeyaa mid kasta oo ka mid ah dhar-dhogorta kala duwan si loo siiyo xoog. Dunta ama dunta laga buuxiyo ee maradu waxay noqon kartaa suuf, polyester, naylon, rayon ama fiberglass. Dharka waa faashad aad u dhuuban oo loo yaqaan "scrim" kaas oo lagu dhejiyay dhabarka cufnaanta hoose ee polyetylen (LDPE). Midabka LDPE waxaa bixiya midabyo kala duwan; midabka caadiga ah ee cawl wuxuu ka yimaadaa aluminium budada ah oo lagu qasay LDPE. Waxa jira laba ballac oo cajalado ah: 1.9 inji (48 mm) iyo 2 in (51 mm). Balacyada kale ayaa sidoo kale la bixiyaa. Duubabka ganacsi ee ugu weyn ee cajaladda tuubada ah waxaa loo sameeyay 2005 Henkel, oo leh 3.78 inch (9.6 cm) balac ah, dhexroor duuban oo ah 64 inji (160 cm) oo miisaankeedu yahay 650 rodol (290 kg).
Isticmaalka caadiga ah
Cajaladda tuubada waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa xaaladaha u baahan cajalad adag, dabacsan, oo aad u dheggan. Qaarkood waxay leeyihiin dhejis waara oo iska caabbinta cimilada.
Nooc khaas ah, cajalad gaffer, oo aan ka tagin hadhaaga dhegdheg leh marka la saaro, ayaa doorbidaya gaffers ee masraxa, sawirada filimada iyo warshadaha telefishinka.
Cajaladda tuubada, oo u ekeed sida "cajaladda tartanka", "cajalad jinsiyadeed" ama "100 mayl saacaddii cajalad" ayaa lagu isticmaalay matoorada in ka badan 40 sano si loo hagaajiyo shaqada jirka ee fiberglass (isticmaalka kale). Cajaladda Racer's waxay ku timaadaa midabyo kala duwan si ay uga caawiso inay la mid noqoto midabada rinjiga caadiga ah. Boqortooyada Midowday (UK), badanaa waxaa loogu yeeraa "cajalad taangiga" isticmaalka matoorka.
Isticmaalka ductwork
Alaabada hadda loo yaqaanno cajaladda tuubada waa in aan lagu khaldin cajalado gaar ah oo dhab ahaantii loogu talagalay in lagu xidho kuleyliyaha iyo hawo-qaadista (HVAC), inkastoo cajaladahan sidoo kale loogu yeeri karo "cajaladda tuubada." Si loo bixiyo xogta shaybaadhka ee ku saabsan daboolayaasha iyo cajaladaha ugu dambeeya, iyo kuwa laga yaabo inay guuldarraystaan, cilmi-baadhis ayaa lagu sameeyay Shaybaadhka Qaranka ee Lawrence Berkeley, Qaybta Tiknoolajiyada Tamarta Deegaanka. Gabagabadii ugu waynaa waxa ay ahayd in qofku aanu isticmaalin cajaladda tuubada si uu u xidho tuubooyinka (waxa ay ku qeexeen cajaladda tuubada sida cajalad kasta oo dhar ku salaysan oo leh caag). Tijaabada la sameeyay waxay tusinaysaa in marka lagu jiro xaalado adag laakiin waaqici ah, cajaladaha xadhkaha goostay ay noqdaan kuwo jajaban oo laga yaabo inay si dhakhso ah u fashilmaan, mararka qaarkood waxay noqdaan kuwo daadanaya ama si buuxda u dhacaya.
Cajaladda caadiga ah ma sido shahaado badbaado sida UL ama Proposition 65, taas oo macnaheedu yahay cajalada ayaa si xun u guban karta, soo saarta qiiq sun ah; waxa laga yaabaa inay keento dhuuqo iyo taabasho sun ah; waxay yeelan kartaa awood farsamo oo aan joogto ahayn; xabaashadeeduna waxay yeelan kartaa rajada nolosha oo hoosaysa. Isticmaalkeeda dhuumaha waxaa mamnuucay gobolka California iyo xeerar dhismo meelo kale oo badan.
Isticmaalka duulimaadka hawada sare
Sida laga soo xigtay injineerka NASA Jerry Woodfill, oo ah 52-sano jir mujaahid NASA ah, cajalad duuban ayaa lagu dhejiyay markabka hawlgal kasta ilaa horaantii barnaamijka Gemini.
Injineerada NASA iyo cirbixiyeenadu waxay isticmaaleen cajaladda tuubada ah inta ay ku guda jiraan shaqadooda, oo ay ku jiraan xaaladaha degdega ah qaarkood. Mid ka mid ah isticmaalka noocan oo kale ah ayaa dhacay 1970-kii markii Woodfill uu ka shaqeynayay Xakamaynta Mission, markii shaandhada kaarboon dioxide ee labajibbaaran ee Apollo 13's moduleka amarka fashilay ay ahayd in wax laga beddelo si loogu rakibo weelasha wareega ee moduleka dayaxa, kaas oo loo isticmaalay sidii doon badbaado ka dib qarax en dariiqa dayaxa. Hawsha ayaa loo adeegsaday cajalad tuubbada ah iyo walxo kale oo saarnaa Apollo 13, iyadoo shaqaalihii dhulka ay u gudbinayeen tilmaamaha shaqaalaha diyaaradda. Qalabka dayax-gacmeedka ee CO2 ayaa mar kale bilaabay inuu shaqeeyo, isagoo badbaadiyay nolosha saddexda cirbixiyeen ee diyaaradda.
Ed Smylie, oo naqshadeeyay wax ka beddelka qashinka laba maalmood gudahood, ayaa sheegay in ka dib uu ogaaday in dhibaatadu ay tahay mid la xallin karo markii la xaqiijiyay in cajaladda tuubada ah ay ku dul taal dayax-gacmeedka: "Waxaan dareemay inaan guriga ku nahay xor," ayuu yiri 2005. " Hal shay oo wiilka reer koonfureedka ahi aanu waligii odhan waa, 'Uma malaynayo in cajalad duuban ay hagaajin doonto'."
Cajaladda tuubada, oo loo yaqaan "...cajalad cawlan oo Maraykan ah oo wanaagsan..." ayaa loo adeegsaday cirbixiyeennada Apollo 17 ee dayaxa si ay u hagaajiyaan hagaajinta fender dhaawacan ee rover-ka dayaxa, ka hortagga dhaawaca suurtagalka ah ee buufinta boodhka dayaxa markay wateen.
Isticmaalka ciidamada
Maraakiibta badda hoosteeda mara ee Maraykanka, cajalad maro ah oo dhejis ah ayaa loo yaqaan "EB Green," maadaama cajaladda tuubada ee ay isticmaashay Doonta Korontadu ay ahayd cagaar. Waxa kale oo loo yaqaan "cajalad duck", "cajalad riggers", "cajalad duufaan ah", ama "100-mph cajalad" -magac ka yimid isticmaalka noocyo gaar ah oo cajalado tuubbada ah oo loo malaynayay inay u adkeysan karto ilaa 100 mph (160 km/h; 87 kn) dabaylo Cajaladda ayaa sidaas loo magacaabay sababtoo ah waxaa loo isticmaalay intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Vietnam si loo hagaajiyo ama loo dheellitiro garbaha rotor helicopter.
Isticmaalka beddelka ah
Caannimada baahsan ee cajaladda tuubbada iyo isticmaalka badan ee la isticmaalo ayaa kasbaday meel adag oo ku taal dhaqanka caanka ah, waxayna dhiirigelisay tiro badan oo codsiyo hal abuur leh iyo mala-awaal ah.
Daawaynta dhuumaha dhuunta-mareenka (DTOT) waa hab loogu talagalay in lagu daweeyo burooyinka iyada oo lagu daboolayo cajalad mudda dheer ah. Caddaynta waxtarkeedu waa liidata; sidaas awgeed laguma talinayo daaweyn caadi ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, daraasado kale ayaa soo jeedinaya daaweynta cajaladda tuubada inay ka waxtar badan tahay fursadaha caafimaad ee jira. Cajalada tuubada waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa hagaajinta kabaha sababtoo ah adkeysigeeda.
Cajaladda tuubada ayaa loo isticmaalay in si ku meel gaadh ah loo hagaajiyo Apple's iPhone 4 arrinta wicitaanka ee la tuuray, taasoo beddel u ah kiiskii caagga ahaa ee Apple.
Dhaqanka caanka ah
The Duct Tape Guys (Jim Berg iyo Tim Nyberg) waxay qoreen todobo buug oo ku saabsan cajaladda tuubada, laga bilaabo 2005. Buugaagtooda ugu iibsiga badan waxay iibiyeen in ka badan 1.5 milyan oo nuqul waxayna muujinayaan isticmaalka dhabta ah iyo isticmaalka aan caadiga ahayn ee cajaladda. Sannadkii 1994-kii ayay curiyeen odhaahda ah "Ma jabin, ee waxa ka maqan cajalad duuban". Waxaa lagu daray weedhaas 1995-kii daabacaadda buuggooda ku saabsan dufanka WD-40 waxay ahayd, "Laba xeer ayaa nolosha kugu dhex maraya: Haddii ay ku dheggan tahay oo aan loo malaynayn inay noqoto, WD-40. Haddii aysan ku dhejin oo ay u malaynayso si ay u noqoto, cajalad ku duub". Websaydhkooda waxa ku jira kumanaan cajalado ah oo laga isticmaalo dadka aduunka oo dhan oo u dhexeeya moodooyinka ilaa baabuurta dayactirka. Isku darka WD-40 iyo cajaladda tuubada waxaa mararka qaarkood loo yaqaan "xirmada dayactirka qoor cas".
Sitcom-ka Canadian-ka ee Red Green Show jilaagiisa cinwaankiisu wuxuu badiyaa isticmaalay cajalad duuban (kaas oo uu ugu magac daray "hubka sirta ah ee gacanta") oo labadaba u ah marin-gaab si loo xiro habboon iyo sidoo kale isticmaalka aan caadiga ahayn. Taxanaha mararka qaarkood waxa uu soo bandhigay abuurista cajalado marawaxadaha. Taxanuhu waxa uu lahaa filim muuqaal ah oo cinwaankiisu yahay Duct Tape Forever iyo dhawr ururin oo VHS/DVD ah oo isticmaalka bandhiga ee cajalada ayaa la sii daayay. Ilaa 2000, xiddigii taxanaha ahaa ee Steve Smith (sida "Cagaar Cas") wuxuu ahaa "Safiirka Scotch Duct Tape" ee 3M.
Taxanaha Discovery Channel MythBusters waxa uu soo bandhigay cajalad duuban oo ah tiro khuraafaad ah oo ku lug leh isticmaalka aan caadiga ahayn. Khuraafaadka la xaqiijiyay waxaa ka mid ah in baabuurka la hakiyo in muddo ah, dhisidda madfac shaqaynaysa, doon laba qof leh, doon laba qof leh (oo leh cajalado cajalado ah), rafta laba qof ah, kabo Roomaan ah, jaan chess, daadinta daasad biyo ah oo aan lahayn, xadhig, budh-xajin kara miisaanka qofka weyn ee lab, gaadhi meesha ku haysta, buundada fidsan ballaca meel qallalan, iyo trebuchet shaqo leh oo miisaankeedu dhan yahay oo leh sharooto dhuuban oo ah xiraha kaliya. Dhacdadii "Duct Tape Plane", MythBusters waxay hagaajiyeen (oo ugu dambeyntii bedelay) maqaarka diyaarada khafiifka ah oo leh cajalad duuban waxayna ku duushay dhowr mitir ka sarreysa dhabbaha diyaaraduhu.
Bandhiga raadiyaha Garrison Keillor ee A Prairie Home Companion waxa ku jira xayaysiisyo majaajillo ah oo majaajillo ah oo ay maalgaliyeen "Maraykanka Tape Council".